Exploring the Adaptation Experiences of International Students in Universities of Kermanshah Province
Keywords:
International students, academic adjustment, social adjustment, cross-cultural adjustment, universities of Kermanshah ProvinceAbstract
This study aimed to investigate the adaptation experiences of international students and analyze the role of age, gender, and university of study in their academic, social, and cross-cultural adjustment in universities of Kermanshah Province. A descriptive-survey design with a quantitative approach was applied. The statistical population comprised all international students studying at three universities—Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Razi University, and Islamic Azad University of Kermanshah. Using stratified proportional sampling and Cochran’s formula, 330 students were selected. Data were collected via three standardized questionnaires measuring academic, social, and cross-cultural adjustment and were analyzed using ANOVA, MANOVA, multiple regression, and path analysis in SPSS-27 and AMOS-24. The results revealed significant effects of age and gender on all three types of adjustment, with female and younger students showing higher levels of adjustment. Interaction effects of age and gender were significant for social and cross-cultural adjustment. Path analysis confirmed significant relationships among the three types of adjustment, with cross-cultural adjustment playing a stronger predictive role for academic and social adjustment. No significant differences were found between the three universities in adjustment levels, but a significant association was found between gender and university of study. The findings highlight the crucial role of individual and contextual characteristics in the adjustment of international students. Considering the influence of gender and age, it is recommended to design targeted support programs for more vulnerable groups (such as male and older students) and to grant greater autonomy to universities in implementing international student recruitment and support programs to enhance competitiveness and improve students’ academic and social experiences.
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