Comparison of Cognitive and Metacognitive Skills in Male and Female Students of Mashhad
Keywords:
Managers' competence, Martyr's Foundation,, Causal factors, Intervening factors, Contextual conditions, Strategies, Consequences, OutputsAbstract
The present study aimed to compare cognitive and metacognitive skills among male and female students in the city of Mashhad. This research employed a quantitative comparative design. The statistical sample consisted of 355 male and female students from Mashhad, selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the Cognitive and Metacognitive Strategies Questionnaire developed by Dawson and McInerney (2004). For data analysis and hypothesis testing, independent-sample t-test and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were applied. The results indicated that female students had higher mean scores than male students in both cognitive and metacognitive skills. Significant differences were found between female and male students in all components of metacognitive skills (planning, monitoring, and regulation) and cognitive skills (elaboration, rehearsal, and organization). Therefore, male students require educational attention and personal effort to enhance their cognitive and metacognitive skills.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Somayeh Maghsoudi (Author); Abbas Khorshidi; Batool Faghieh Aram, Nader Barzegar, Maryam Rezaei (Author)
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