Reproduction of Changes in the Social Functions of the Family from the Perspective of Working Women in the Education Sector of Malayer and Its Impact on Socio-Economic Resilience
Keywords:
Reproduction, Social Family Functions, Economic-Social Resilience, Female Employees, Education Sector, MalayerAbstract
The study aimed to examine the relationship between the reproduction of changes in family social functions and the socio-economic resilience of working women in the education sector of Malayer, seeking to present a conceptual model of adaptive family functioning in modern conditions. This mixed-method study consisted of two phases. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 female educators and analyzed using thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke) in Atlas.ti 9. In the quantitative phase, a 53-item questionnaire was administered to 302 female employees in Malayer’s education sector. Data were analyzed with SPSS 28 using Spearman correlation and multiple regression tests. Reliability (α>0.8) and validity (CVR>0.79) confirmed the instrument’s adequacy. Findings revealed a significant positive correlation between family function reproduction and socio-economic resilience (p<0.01). The multiple regression analysis indicated that social support (β=0.43), financial security and job satisfaction (β=0.32), flexibility (β=0.25), role balance and social participation (β=0.23), and financial management (β=0.18) were the strongest predictors, explaining 40% of the variance (Adjusted R²=0.40). Economic resilience (M=2.7) was higher than social resilience (M=2.5), suggesting stronger adaptation in financial aspects than in social cohesion. The results suggest that families of female educators in Malayer are not declining but dynamically reproducing their social functions amid modernization. Through individualization, gender role redefinition, and functional outsourcing, women sustain both economic stability and partial emotional coherence. The study concludes that socio-economic resilience among working women emerges from the interplay of financial independence, social support, and adaptive role management, representing a balanced coexistence of traditional and modern family values.
Downloads
References
Aazazi, S. (2022). Sociology of the Family, with Emphasis on the Structure and Function of the Family in Contemporary Times. Roshangaran and Women's Studies Publications.
Ahmadi, M. (2024). Study of Work-Life Balance Among Employed Married Women in Sanandaj. https://ensani.ir/fa/article/586596/
Altıntaş, M. C. (2025). Family Relations and Religious Education Among Assyrians in Türkiye. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-10-2024-0478
Azad Armaki, T. (2007). Sociology of the Iranian Family. Samt Publications.
Azizah, S. N., & Salam, A. N. (2021). Working mother and family economy resilience in the COVID-19 era: Evidence from Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Keluarga & Konsumen, 14(3), 203-215. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2021.14.3.203
Belahouaoui, R. (2024). Analysis of Tax Compliance Behavior of Family Businesses: Combining Social and Psychology norms and Legitimacy Determinants. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 44(7/8), 672-688. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-12-2023-0314
Bernards, J. (2017). Introduction to the Study of the Family. Nashre Ney. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780203132081/family-studies-jon-bernardes
Bourdieu, P. (2023). Theory of Social Reproduction, Education, Society, and Culture. Andisheh Ehsan Publications. https://scispace.com/pdf/bourdieu-on-education-and-social-and-cultural-reproduction-3njwxauvn2.pdf
D'Emidio-Caston, M. (2019). Addressing social, emotional development, and resilience at the heart of teacher education. Teacher Education Quarterly, 46(4), 116-149. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1231310.pdf
Eslami, F., & Hooshmandi, R. (2024). Challenges and Opportunities in Cross-Cultural Family Research: A Critical Reflection. Journal of Psychosociological Research in Family and Culture, 2(1), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jprfc.2.1.1
Garrido, S., Cisternas-Salcedo, P., & Polanco-Levicán, K. (2025). Understanding teacher resilience: Keys to well-being and performance in Chilean elementary education. Behavioral Sciences, 15(3), 292. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15030292
Giddens, A. (2021). Transformation of Love and Intimacy. Parseh Publications. https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.es.04.110173.000245
Gorlatykh, A. Y. (2025). Gender Roles in the Family: Changing Expectations and Responsibilities. Proceedings of the Southwest State University Series Economics Sociology and Management, 15(1), 247-259. https://doi.org/10.21869/2223-1552-2025-15-1-247-259
Jenadaleh, A. (2017). Changes in the Conventional Family Pattern in Iran (Secondary Analysis of National Data). Family Research Quarterly, 10(39), 277-296. https://journals.sbu.ac.ir/article_96503_dd1e813cdb00cead45445c779aaa9746.pdf
Lokenga, J. N., Norvy, P., & Asatsa, S. (2023). Family Support and Social Reintegration of Adolescent Offenders in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo. Journal of Advanced Sociology, 4(1), 34-57. https://doi.org/10.47941/jas.1370
Mahdizadeh, S. (2023). Sociological Examination of Power Structure in the Family (with Emphasis on Women's Employment). First International Conference on Sociology, Social Sciences, and Education with a Future-Oriented Approach. https://jisem-journal.com/index.php/journal/article/download/10708/4930/20037
Malek Mohammad, F. (2025). Qualitative Study on Managing Work-Family Conflict: A Case Study of Employed Single and Married Women at Mobarakeh Steel University of Isfahan].
Moya, J. (2021). An approach to unified conceptualization, definition & characterization of social resilience. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(11), 5746. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115746
Olson, M. M., Lanning, W., & Haas, G. L. (2003). The resiliency model of family stress, adjustment, and adaptation: An update and future directions. In Social stress and the family: Advances and developments in family stress theory and research (pp. 1-20). Haworth Press.
Popenoe, D. (2020). Disturbing the nest: Family change and decline in modern societies. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003058786
Pourehsan, S., & Jalaei, T. (2022). The development and evaluation of psychometric properties of the Economic-Psychological Resilience Scale (EPRS). Research in cognitive and behavioral sciences, 12(1), 111-128. https://doi.org/10.22108/cbs.2022.133824.1653
Ritzer, G., & Goodman, D. J. (2014). Theory of Modern Sociology. Sociologists Publications. http://philosociology.com/UPLOADS/_PHILOSOCIOLOGY.ir_George%20Ritzer-Sociological%20Theory%20(8th%20Edition)-McGraw-Hill%20(2010).pdf
Roche, G. (2016). Social Changes. Nashre Ney. https://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/ijch/article/view/8639
Sarukhani, B. (2019). Introduction to the Sociology of the Family. Soroush Publications.
Shaw, A., Joseph, S., & Linley, P. A. (2005). Religion, spirituality, and posttraumatic growth: A systematic review. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 8(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/1367467041000024690
Torres, C., Vallejo-Huanga, D., & Ramírez Ocaña, X. (2021). Quantitative evaluation of family functions and changes in a postmodern context. Heliyon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07435
Tosli, G. A. (2011). Sociological Theories. Samt Publications.
Downloads
Published
Submitted
Revised
Accepted
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Saba Shirmohammadi, Hamid Boorghani Farahani, Narges Molaei (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
